HP CEO †Carly Fiorina Essay

When Carly Fiorina joined HP as a CEO in 1998, the organization was seen by numerous individuals as a fading dinosaur worth $50 billion since it had frustrated Wall road for right around nine quarters straight and had additionally dismissed the web upset. In any case, when she was terminated in 2005, the organization was eleventh biggest organization in America and had a yearly dollar deals of $80 billion. In 2000, under the administration of Carly, the greatest merger throughout the entire existence of PC industry apparatus place when HP purchased Compaq for $24 billion. First she needed to purchase the Price Water house Coopers however neglected to pull off the arrangement. The organization turned out to be increasingly most loved then IBM and beat Dell in the pursue likewise when the merger the organization won a multi year contract from Procter and Gamble to give PC administrations (Takahashi, 2005). Fiorina expanded HP’s buyer base impressively and demonstrated then the organization was more than about printers. Be that as it may, the stocks tumbled down as the organization was gotten between the over two referenced organizations. In 2000 she additionally proposed to purchase EDS which was dismissed however in 2008 HP awaited for EDS but then again we see that Fiorina was on the correct procedure. Fiorina thought of the Invent system and bolstered R&D the most yet the main thing HP couldn't do in her time was design. While she was against protectionism, she was of the view that for the organization is serious on the grounds that it is situated in America and our laborers are our advantages as they are the best an organization could get (Lochhead, 2004). Fiorina made coalitions in Hollywood even, DreamWorks was HP’s customer for calm some time. Fiorina accepted that HP with its buyer and undertaking business ought to take into account clients like DreamWorks with back end apparatuses and client bargains. The organization saw many high points and low points in the rule of Fiorina. The organization supposedly was declining when Fiorina dominated. In spite of the fact that the merger was very fruitful, the board was at this point doubter with respect to them development was a higher priority than cost cutting. The company’s falling stock costs indicated that the organization isn't exceeding expectations forward as the investors anticipated that it should be. The organization settled on an important choice at the hour of the merger the same number of were against it. After the Merger HP likewise thought of its own line of home diversion items like TV’s and theater frameworks. Despite the fact that we see that the opportunity it came out with these items, it was battling and it ended up being a preoccupation for the organization rather than another birth (Vries, 2005). In my view the procedures embraced by her were not present moment if the board had held up an additional two years they would have seen similar outcomes. The premise were put via Carly and one case of that will be that HP got EDS 2008 when it was proposed via Carly eight years prior. On the off chance that HP has beaten Dell today, it is because of the choice taken by Fiorina to gain Compaq. She needed HP to be a specialist organization in however many mechanical fields as could be allowed and this is the thing that we see today. At the point when HP gained Compaq, it chop down expenses by about $3. 5 billion. The organization had strong profit, when adversaries like Sun Microsystems were scarcely ready to keep up the business (Takahashi, 2005). For Carly Fiorina, it was a fantasy worked out as expected. HP was an organization of designers and she was an advertiser. It was denied of promoting adroitness. Here is when Fiorina comes up and positions the organization as one of the coolest contraption producers of now is the ideal time. In her time spent at HP, Fiorinas greatest achievement was the procurement of Compaq. For Fiorina, if HP needed to beat IBM and DELL, it required degree and scale. HP got both when it purchased Compaq. Most definitely, I think her greatest disappointment was that she was unable to persuade her board that her choices were for the advancement of the organization. A portion of the board individuals who she chose were against her at long last. She neglected to get through their heads that she considers the to be as a monster in the business in a couple of year times and that they should show restraint.

Justice Systems of the World Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Equity Systems of the World - Research Paper Example As indicated by (Frank, 1948) the essentials of present day legal frameworks were created and utilized in the eighteenth century when James Medison held a gathering with administrative authorities in Philadelphia. The gathering was called so as to devise a framework that can control the developing number of violations around then. In those days a few sorts of courts were working. Yet, they were liable for keeping up peace in a particular territory and in this manner it was hard for the authorities to catch lawbreakers who figure out how to cross the outskirts of the State against which they have carried out a wrongdoing since it was by one way or another conceivable around then that any State would not consider a go about as a wrongdoing that another take as a genuine offense. The previously mentioned issue was tackled by the gathering which comprised an integrative model of equity framework that bound together the wrongdoing definition and discipline norms in most of the States. Aft er some time, a few States in the US wiped out capital punishment and supplanted it with a lifelong incarceration though not very many of the regions held capital punishment one of those is Florida. Significant sorts of legal frameworks are talked about as follows:- Common Law This kind of law is intended to administer exchange exercises the nation while it should limit defilement, payoffs and money related extorting in a specific economy (Ramseyer and Rasmusen, 1997). The Civil law can't send an individual to death instead of it can force detainment and fines on organizations and their directors. Precedent-based Law This typology of legitimate height is accepted to be progressively skilled as far as keeping up peace on the grounds that pretty much every country on the planet tails them. They are additionally considered as customs (Rubin, 1977) which are being moved from age to age. Besides, they are adequately actualized over the world. Philosophical Law This flood of legitimate conventions is known to be created in the light of strict lessons. The strict gatherings that exceedingly utilize these sorts of laws incorporate Christians, Muslims and Jews (Lee, 1995). Be that as it may, these days the strict laws are put on heating surface and proof based examinations, feelings and disciplines are by and by being advanced in the worldwide legitimate field. Criminal Law This law has been intended to control and oversee violations that are carried out with an aim to somewhat or totally decimate one’s private property. What's more, criminal law helps the State in indicting individuals with charge of homicide, fear mongering, aggressive behavior at home and numerous different violations

Best Practices in Corrections Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Best Practices in Corrections - Research Paper Example This framework is a sub-arrangement of the more extensive arrangement of criminal equity. The last incorporates police, official courtrooms, and arraignment. Apparently, the most widely recognized and most popular remedial foundation is the jail. This paper, nonetheless, centers around reemergence programs as a piece of the restorative framework. The point of the paper is to embrace an investigation of best practices in reemergence programs from existing scholastic writing. This objective will be accomplished by first giving a portrayal of the projects. Next, key achievement components or variables of the projects will be talked about. From that point, experimental help or proof of the adequacy of the projects will be dissected. At last, the job of the projects in supplementing other remedial administrations will be examined. Consistently more than 650,000 guilty parties are discharged from America’s restorative offices alone (Office of Justice Programs, 2012). Research uncovers that 66% of those discharged are probably going to backslide into wrongdoing and offenses. Thus, wrongdoers who are discharged comprise a critical danger to open wellbeing. This is the place reemergence programs come in. The term ‘offender reentry’ alludes to the arrival of wrongdoers from restorative foundations into the networks they originate from. Reemergence programs are activities or organizations manufactured by specialists to guarantee a smooth progress when a detainee or another guilty party finishes their sentence and comes back to the network. Reemergence programs exude from the information that guilty parties who return home subsequent to serving their prison terms experience numerous difficulties. These difficulties incorporate absence of social acknowledgment, instruction, work abilities, lodging, and directing. Moreover, some returnees resort to substance and medication misuse. Reemergence projects can likewise be seen from the perspective of law enforcement(Office of Justice Programs, 2012). In this view, the arrival of guilty parties from offices of remedy involves the wellbeing of the official and the

Fighting Music Piracy essays

Battling Music Piracy papers Ok Internet, what a wonderful innovation! Nowadays totally the sky is the limit to do and to overcome the Internet. For example, the absolute most mainstream positive exercises incorporate the accessibility to immediately get to the historical centers and libraries all over the world, just as having the option to find out about the most recent news and occasions very quickly. Without question, Internet serves the significant advantage by giving the quick access to companions, family, and business relates through email, texting, video conferencing, and other Internet mediums. Clearly, the entire idea of having the option to shop from home without making a stage out of the entryway, or far superior, without getting up from the seat is consistently an extraordinary assistance. Likewise, Internet can give an insignificant information, alongside diversion, for example, music, motion pictures, books, radio and others. As it were, Internet nowadays essentially turned into a fast option in c ontrast to the U.S. Postal Service, a device for enhancing the brains of numerous and an overall shopping center simultaneously. Shockingly, other than the tremendous measure of advantages that Internet brings to individuals, it additionally has gotten a home to the quantity of questionable, illicit and even crimes that were acquainted with the general public in the recent years. It is anything but difficult to see the essentialness of those troublesome exercises by just breaking down the way that Internet gives a simple access to erotic entertainment, which for reasons unknown youngsters, now and then, appear to have the option to discover considerably simpler than the grown-ups. Viru and pernicious programming that influences our home and business PCs are amazingly famous nowadays also. Obviously, only one major word SPAM, alongside the misleading showcasing and tricks, carries a great deal of cerebral pain to individuals. This could appear to resemble a full rundown of burdens, y et shockingly it isn't full right now. Take a second and check whether you can think about some other sort of a monstrous... <!

The Effect of Exclusionary Rule and Fourth Amendment Free Essays

string(40) tremendously develop When this pattern continues. The Effect of the Fourth Amendment is to put the courts of the United States and Federal authorities, in the activity of their own capacity and authority, under confinements and restrictions concerning the activity of such force and authority, and to always make sure about the individuals, their people, houses, papers and impacts against every single irrational inquiry and seizures under the pretense of law (Ronald 605). The Constitution doesn't endure warrantless, in this way unlawful, police look and seizuresâ€unless there is reasonable justification. The rights which the Fourth Amendment states were fortified when the Supreme Court went before the Exclusionary Rule, and herefore, the privileges of the individuals were reinforced as The Exclusionary Rule, first went before in 1914, is the understanding, in light of Supreme Court point of reference, that implicating data must be seized by protected particulars of fair treatment, or it won't be permitted as proof (Schmalleger 273). We will compose a custom article test on The Effect of Exclusionary Rule and Fourth Amendment or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Indeed, even the blameworthy reserve an option to guarantee honesty. Subsequently, this privilege would be useless if implicating proof was permitted to be gotten, circulated, and utilized wrongfully. Besides, as per the Supreme Court, â€Å"If letters and private records would thus be able to be seized and held and utilized in proof gainst a resident blamed for an offense, the insurance of the Fourth Amendment proclaiming his entitlement to make certain against such ventures and seizures is of no worth, and, so for as those along these lines put are concerned, should be blasted from the Constitution† (Ronald 605). On the off chance that that â€Å"tainted violence† can be utilized in court, at that point the fourth Amendment offers no genuine security to an individual blamed for a wrongdoing (Magruder 524). The exclusionary rule was planned to place teeth into the fourth Amendment, and it has (Magruder 524). The Court additionally based upon the guidelines concerning proof in 1918, with the Fruit of the Poisoned Tree Doctrine-a legitimate standard which rejects from presentation at preliminary any proof later created because of an initially unlawful pursuit or seizure (Schmalleger 274). The Fruit of the Poisoned Tree Doctrine was upheld after the instance of Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. US in 1918. Frederick Silverthorne and his children were blamed for keeping away from installment on government charges. They were approached to hand over their company’s books. The Silverthornes cannot, refering to their Fifth Amendment benefit against self-implication (Schmalleger 274). Presently, some government operators disregarded their privileges and without warrant, eized the needed books in any case. Since this was an illegal demonstration, the Silverthorne’s legal advisor affirmed and requested the books to be returned. The investigator allowed his solicitation, and the books were returned. Anticipating that all implicating proof should have slipped, the Silverthornes where affirmed in preliminary. Causing them a deep sense of shock, in any case, the arraignment had made copies of the books they seized, and utilized them as proof against the Silverthornes. Henceforth, they were sentenced in government court. They offered their conviction and their allure arrived at the Supreme Court. The Court uled that similarly as illicitly held onto proof can't be utilized in a preliminary, neither can confirm be utilized which gets from an unlawful seizure (Schmalleger 274). The conviction of the Silverthornes was upset and they were liberated. The illicit proof imitated from materials acquired by an unlawful seizure excused the entire case in light of the fact that the examiners didn't follow the Fruit of the Poisoned Tree Doctrine. Consider it along these lines: If you have a container loaded with apples, and afterward you put a spoiled one in the bundle, they will all get spoiled eventually. Thus, all the evidenceâ€fruitâ€obtained from an unlawful meanâ€poisoned reeâ€is not permissible regardless of whether the proof itself is good† (Gomez meet). Regardless of whether a case is created on long stretches of police look into, it might be disheartened if that examination and the proof it uncovered was gotten Like the Constitution, in any case, the exclusionary rule isn't written in stone. It very well may be corrected and special cases can be introduced to it. On account of United Sates v. Leon in 1984, the exclusionary rule was first adjusted with â€Å"the great confidence special case to the exclusionary rule. † This special case expresses that law authorization officials who lead an inquiry, or hold onto proof, based on ood confidence (that is, the place they accept they are working as indicated by the directs of the law) and who later find that a mix-up was made (maybe in the configuration of the application for a court order) may even now use, in court, proof seized as the consequence of such exercises (Schmalleger 277). In the Leon case, the officials included followed up on reasonable justification, a legitimate basis living in a set realities and conditions which would make a sensible individual accept that a specific other individual has carried out a particular wrongdoing (Schmalleger 277). The suspect, Leon, was blamed for dealing drugs. He was set nder observation, which demonstrated proof of a lot of shrouded drugs. This lead the specialists to apply for a court order. They accepted that they were in consistence with the Fourth Amendment prerequisite that â€Å"no warrants will issue however upon plausible cause† (Schmalleger 277). Despite the fact that Leon was sentenced for sedate dealing, a later decision in a government locale court brought about the concealment of proof against him on the premise that the first sworn statement, or archive exhibiting the reasonable justification, arranged by the police had not, in the assessment of the court, been adequate to build up reasonable justification (Schmalleger 277). Not long after, the administration requested of the Supreme Court to choose if the proof assembled by the officials may at present be allowable in preliminary. The Court chose: â€Å"When law implementation officials have acted in target great confidence or their offenses have been minor, the extent of the advantage gave on such blameworthy respondents affronts essential ideas of the criminal equity system† (Schmalleger 277). Because of this, Leon’s It is no uncertainty that in the course of recent decades increasingly more equity organizations have gotten needy upon PC innovation for record the board and different purposes (Schmalleger 282). Thus, the probability of omputer-created mistakes will incomprehensibly develop When this pattern proceeds. You read The Effect of Exclusionary Rule and Fourth Amendment in class Exposition models Computer-produced blunders have become the base of another special case to the avoidance rule, the â€Å"computer mistakes exemption. † It was first made in the 1995 instance of Arizona v. Evans. Mr. Isaac Evans was halted for driving the incorrect path on a single direction road. With a PC check announcing a remarkable capture warrant, he was arrested. Not long after, Evans was sentenced because of the police discovering pot in his vehicle. After his capture, in any case, police discovered that the capture warrant answered to them by their PC had really been subdued a couple eeks before in any case, through the administrative oversight of a court worker, had never been evacuated structure the PC (Schmalleger 282). The Court later concluded that the officials who made the capture can't be considered responsible for their accidental insubordination of the exclusionary rule. They were essentially acting in compliance with common decency as per the data that was given to them at that point. Isaac The Supreme Court’s enunciation of the exclusionary rule came in Weeks v. US, 1914. This was the primary milestone case concerning search and seizure and it changed to Fourth Amendment for eternity. The respondent, Mr. Freemont Weeks, was sentenced for selling lottery tickets through the US Postal Service. The proof against him included different letters and reports that had been seized from his home during a warrantless inquiry (Ronald 604). At the point when Weeks moved for an arrival of the property because of the infringement of the Fourth Amendment in the officers’ part, just the non-implicating proof was given back. Thus, Weeks was indicted. Be that as it may, not long after, he offered his conviction and it arrived at the Supreme Court. There, his attorney contemplated that on the off chance that a portion of his client’s assets had been illicitly seized, at that point the emainder of them were additionally taken inappropriately (Schmalleger 273). The Supreme Court turned around: â€Å"The United States Marshal could possibly have attacked the place of the charged when furnished with a warrant gave as required by the Constitution, upon sworn data and depicting with sensible distinction the thing for which the inquiry was to be made. Rather, he acted without approval of law, surely incited by the craving to carry additional verification to the guide of the Government, and under solor of his office embraced to make a seizure of private papers in direct infringement of the sacred disallowance against such activity. Under such conditions, without sworn data and specific depiction, not by any means a request for court would have advocated such strategy, substantially less was it inside the authority of the United States Marshal to along these lines attack the house and protection of the accused† (Ronald 605). The Court held that the seizure of things from Week’s habitation straightforwardly disregarded his protected rights and that the government’s refusal to return Week’s assets abused the Fourth Amendment (Oyez). Consequently, the Supreme Court toppled Week’s before feelings and the However, the Weeks case made the exclusionary rule appropriate to just the national government. It was not until Mapp v. Ohio that it likewise got pertinent to the States. Miss Mapp and her little girl by a structure

Importance of Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud

Importance of Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud History and Biographies Print The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud History and Significance By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 07, 2019 Hulton Archive/Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming If you are interested in Sigmund Freud or dream interpretation, this is a must-have text for your collection. As one of Freuds earliest books, the theories, ideas and case studies described within The Interpretation of Dreams helped set the stage for psychoanalytic theory.?? Why The Interpretation of Dreams Is Important The Interpretation of Dreams is the classic text on dream analysis and interpretation.  Freud introduces many key concepts that would later become central to the theory of psychoanalysis. The book also emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind, which is one of the underlying principles of  Freudian psychology.?? Pros and Cons Pros The classic text on the subject Freuds writing is engaging and intriguing Case studies allow a look at his psychoanalytic work Cons Research lacks scientific rigor Many ideas not substantiated by current research Theories havent fared well over time The History Behind the Book When Freud famously started analyzing himself, he used his dreams quite frequently in the process. Always a vivid dreamer, Freud had by this time also noticed the impact of dreams on his patients, including psychotic patients whose hallucinations were similar to dreams. Between his own experience and that of his patients, he concluded that dreams are almost always expressions of unfulfilled wishes.?? Believing sincerely in the importance of dreams and realizing no one had written much, if anything, about the subject, Freud spent two years writing The Interpretation of Dreams.  Originally published in German under the title  Die Traumdeutung  in 1900, initial sales of  the book  were slow and disappointing and largely ignored by the scientific community. By 1910, Freuds other work was becoming well-known and so the book became more popular. It was translated into English and Russian in 1913 and six more languages by 1938. Seven more editions were also printed during his lifetime. Historical Significance Freud was an incredibly prolific writer, publishing more than 320 different books, articles, and essays. Out of this impressive body of work, Freud described The Interpretation of Dreams as his personal favorite as well as his most significant contribution to the understanding of human thought.?? [It] contains… the most valuable of all the discoveries it has been my good fortune to make. Insight such as this falls to ones lot but once in a lifetime, he explained. The Interpretation of Dreams stands as a unique and classic work in the history of psychology. No matter what you may think of Sigmund Freud’s psychological theories, the cultural impact and historical importance of this book are without question. For those interested in dream research, this book serves as an excellent introduction to many of Freuds major ideas. The book outlines his belief that dreams are highly symbolic, containing both overt meanings, called  manifest content,  and underlying, unconscious thoughts, known as  latent content. Dreams, he suggested, are our unconscious wishes in disguise.?? Despite Freud’s tendency to over-generalize, his lack of scientific evidence, his overemphasis on sex, and his frequently chauvinistic viewpoints, this seminal work remains important in the history of psychology. The Interpretation of Dreams marked the beginning of ?psychoanalysis and is a fascinating text revealing Freud’s unique talent as a writer and ambitious theorist.??

Process Analysis Challenges Facing E-Learning Adult Students - 1375 Words

Process Analysis: Challenges Facing E-Learning Adult Students (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructorInstitutionDateProcess AnalysisIntroductionEffective management of challenges facing E-learning adult students is one of the factors that can help the students to complete their course successfully. It is also very challenging to be parent, employee, and student at the same time. Despite giving E-learning students a lot of flexibility on carrying out their assignments and where to do it from, it demands that students should take extra steps for them to succeed in their studies. Commitment, discipline, and organization are some of the traits that student should possess no matter what position they are in or what path they are taking for them to complete the course. Students can manage these challenges by making a study plan, managing time effectively and wisely, getting used to technology that is being used for the online course, establishing a workplace, and asking for help where necessary among others. This paper discusses how students taking online cou rses can manage these challenges in order to complete their courses successfully.As an adult student, you must create study plan and a study calendar. This is an organized schedule created by students outlining the time allocated aside to study, thus focusing on their learning objectives. Just as work schedule or school schedule, a student taking online courses should create a study plan so that he/she can allocate some time to study. Also, a study plan can be created easily by checking the syllabus before the course kicks off and adjust yourself to commit your time as stated in your calendar. Allocate proper study time to the classes and stick to them.A study plan makes a student accountable for the learning outcomes. It is also an effective way that helps students taking online courses to navigate through the online education system successfully in an organized manner. Furthermore, a study plan helps students to develop self-discipline and determination that are necessary in achie ving their learning objectives, because there is no close supervision from the instructors. Since there is no correct study plan for all students, every student needs to make his/ her own study plan through self-evaluation of his/her own schedule and time management.Also, as an adult student, you must provide proper guidelines to your children. Some of the role an individual should concentrate on as a parent is teaching their kids moral roles and how they can compete in the schools. Therefore, one has various responsibilities; sustaining families by providing basic needs such as shelter, food, and clothes.With reference to Mock (2), it is important to work on your time management skills wisely and effectively, because it plays an important role as it help students to manage their studies more effectively. Time management is the most critical aspect for students taking online courses. Since online courses give much of its flexibility on when to do your studies, it is therefore import ant to devote much of your time in order to have effective learning. This can be achieved by checking details on the dates of the class syllabus, fixing them correctly to your calendar, and setting time aside to finish coursework in advance by making a commitment and fulfilling the requirements of the course. Treat the time blocks set seriously as you would treat the time in a face-to-face class by properly sticking to them during the time. Time for projects must be set aside and be used without interference from family members or friends. Keep a close eye on assignments by submitting them before the deadline by keeping them on your personal calendar (Mock2).Furthermore, adult students should get used to new technology by working on a phone or tablet to access the online learning platform. Online studying requires that students must learn how to use new hardware and software in order to connect and communicate within their classes. The fact that the technology is a dynamic field, st udents should learn something new every day as the systems get updated and new tools are being adopted for the study daily. The habit of using phones or tablets should be adopted so that students can easily access the online platform and ensure work is done. This means you can have contact with your instructor or professor from wherever the student is. Moreover, the use of these technologies are essential to students as they can watch online videos pertaining to class work or listen to lecture notes while at work or taking a certain task.Always speak up and ask for help when you need it. The online platform should not be seen as an isolating one. Though there is no presence of the instructors or professors to learn and see your body language so that they can know what you are struggling with, does not mean that you cannot get help you need. The instructor is available to offer guidance despite the fact that the student may never come to direct contact or may never meet (Mock3). If t he student may be struggling or drags behind he should not remain silent as he/she will end up making mistakes. Communication with the instructor for proper guidance on various problems may be essential to students as it will help them keep in line and on focus.In addition, check in for the classes daily. Online classes need internet. The presence of smartphones and iPhones devices helps students to log in easily and keep updated. By checking on daily, students are less overwhelmed and help them to avoid being caught off guard by changes in the syllabus.As an employee, it is important to establish a good workplace. Since all the time in online classes is spent outside the classroom, it is important for an individual to find out the best time of assocaiting with your workmates. Also, it is better if you find a good quiet place that has a good internet connection, free from destruction and has good power connection wher...

The Life of a Social Worker - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2006 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/18 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Work Essay Did you like this example? Description of Social Problem Social workers have made a commitment to advocating for and supporting individuals in need regardless of income, race, gender, and other identities (National Association of Social Workers [NASW], 2017). While this is a value of the profession, there is need for more social workers to support specific communities. For example, there seems to be consensus that public healthcare is unable to provide services to all of those in need, more specifically, those who are uninsured (Jacobson, Dalton, Berson-Grand, Weisman, 2005). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Life of a Social Worker" essay for you Create order There is a disparity in life expectancy between whites and blacks, which has been attributed to segregation, discrimination, and a lack of access to healthcare that accounts for cultural and community differences (Orsi, Margellos-Anast, and Whitman, 2010). In Michigan, these communities include prison populations, low income communities, and migrant farmworkers (Siefort Pimlott, 2001; Shultz Skorcz, 2012; Ayoola et al., 2014; McCullagh et al., 2015). For example, in Detroit, MI, pregnant women in prison require support and education to reduce the high rates of infants born with major health complications (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). Similarly, this issue is not localized to Detroit. Another city in Michigan that experiences high infant mortality rates, specifically for black individuals, is Flint, MI (Shultz Skorcz, 2012). Furthermore, previous research discusses the higher likelihood of women to use poor contraceptive methods in low income communities, particularly if they belong to an ethnic minority (Ayoola, Zandee, Johnson, Pennings, 2014). Pregnant women in prison are more likely to give birth to infants with poor health outcomes, often because of a lack of education and prenatal care (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). Additionally, these women are criminalized, particularly, if they are found to use substances, which is due in part to the construction of the social problem of crack babies (Siefert Pimlott, 2001; Lyons Rittner, 1998). The construction of the crack baby phenomenon criminalized black women, instead of accounting for other factors that may have negative impacts on the health of their children (Lyons Rittner, 1998). While there was a program called Women and Infants at Risk (WIAR) initiated to educate and provide these women with access to care and resources, this program is ultimately selective in nature (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). Women must meet requirements to access these benefits such as having a sentence that is two years or less, no violent charges, and they can not have drug charges that exceed a certain amount on their person (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). However, this problem does not only affect women prisoners, as research has reported a lack of education and contraceptive use among women in low income communities (Ayoola et al., 2014). Thus, research has demonstrated a need for more education and greater access to resources for low income women (Siefert Pimlott, 2001; Ayoola et al., 2004; Shultz Skorcz, 2012). While there is a necessity for social workers to address the education and health of pregnant women prisoners and low-income women, social workers also must prioritize advocating for migrant seasonal farmworkers. One issue preventing this population from receiving adequate healthcare, is the lack of cultural sensitivity from healthcare providers (Schim, Doorenbos, and Borse, 2005). It is essential for healthcare providers to integrate cultural norms and practices in treatment plans to provide the best care for their patients (Schim et al., 2005). Furthermore, migrant farmworkers face other barriers to accessing essential care such as the state residency requirement for Medicaid, which can make receiving health insurance more difficult because they work seasonally (McCullagh, Sanon, Foley, 2015). Additionally, they may be resistant to using the resources and support offered from services because it is unaffordable for them, or it interferes with their ability to work (McCullagh et al ., 2015). Migrant farmworkers often make low wages and are not provided with health insurance through their employment; thus, they have limited access to healthcare services even if they wanted to use them (McCullagh et al., 2015). Social workers also play a key role in connecting legal and medical professionals (Colvin, Nelson, Cronin, 2012). These social workers advocate for patients and ensure they are getting access to the care they need, often bridging the gap between the legal and medical professions (Colvin et al., 2012). Also, according to Spencer, Gunter, and Palmisano (2010) there is a lack of community health workers, who are essential for connecting low income communities to healthcare resources. However, they are not respected by other professions and are often underfunded; thus, their impact is limited (Spencer et al., 2010). Thus, previous research seems to demonstrate that low income communities are the most vulnerable and lack access to essential and culturally sensitive healthcare resources (Spencer et al., 2010). While there are programs in place to attempt to address these needs, they are often selective; thus, many individuals cannot access the benefits of these programs (Siefert Pimlott, 2001; McCullagh et al., 2015). Because of these barriers, social workers must advocate and address these issues so that these populations may access healthcare resources. Implications for Social Work The National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics outlines several ethical guidelines that social workers are committed to following. One of these guidelines is the commitment, social workers challenge social injustice (NASW, 2017). Thus, social workers must advocate on behalf of these individuals to change social policies that prevent them from accessing the care and resources they need. Another key value is the expectation that social workers will acknowledge and respect cultural differences and help empower individuals to address their own needs (NASW, 2017). Therefore, it is imperative that social workers reform policies and address these concerns at the macro and micro levels, so vulnerable and at-risk populations can gain access to healthcare resources essential for survival. The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights also addresses the infringement on the rights of individuals in these communities. One human right is the ability to move and live in states as they so choose (United Nations, 1948, art. 13). However, the residency requirement of Medicaid infringes on this right as individuals must choose between healthcare and employment (McCullagh et. al, 2015). Additionally, another human right is the right to work in fair conditions for all individuals (United Nations, 1948, art. 23). However, migrant farmworkers often work in conditions without the proper knowledge or precaution to prevent health risks associated with employment (McCullagh et al., 2015). Also, another human right that is not being protected for these populations is the right to necessary healthcare (United Nations, 1948, art. 25). As stated by McCullagh et al. (2015), the lack of access to healthcare for farmworkers is an ethical and moral issue (McCullagh et al., 2015). Furthermore , the criminalization of pregnant women who use substances prevents access to the healthcare necessary to ensure their children are born healthy (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). The Role of Social Workers To begin to address the healthcare disparity experienced by low-income individuals, social workers must be aware of the historical context in which current policies were created. For example, the crack baby phenomenon was analyzed by Lyons and Rittner (1998) discussing the implications this social construct had on black women. Black women were punished, especially if their babies were born showing symptoms of addiction, rather than being offered support (Lyons Rittner, 1998). This pattern can be seen in the research conducted at the prison in Detroit that discussed the poor birth outcomes linked to a lack of prenatal care and education (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). On a macro level, social workers can come together to create programs such as the WIAR program, to provide resources and care for vulnerable populations (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). However, social workers must also ensure that these programs are not highly selective as this prevents many people that need care from accessing it (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). On a micro level, social workers can consider the implications that laws and policies have had on the individuals they are serving to better address their needs (McCullagh et al., 2015; Brownstein Allen, 2011). For example, community health workers are key in this role to help social workers connect with hard to reach communities (Spencer et al., 2010). Another approach to educating women to promote better health outcomes, is a community-based approach. Previous research has concluded that educating women on their bodies and changes they may experience with pregnancy as well as providing emotional support, helps promote healthier pregna ncies and infants (Ayoola et al., 2014). Community health workers are essential for providing access to care for underserved communities by educating healthcare providers on barriers these communities face such as language and cultural barriers (Brownstein Allen, 2011). While community health workers have been shown to be essential and effective in providing equal access to healthcare, they face obstacles such as a lack of funding and respect from other professions (Spencer et al., 2010). However, community health workers could benefit underserved communities greatly as seen in research conducted in Detroit, MI, which found that black men with diabetes experienced lower levels of distress after working with community health workers to gain more support from their healthcare providers (Spencer et al., 2006). Thus, it is essential for social workers to advocate for partnerships with community health worker programs, and for them to raise awareness on the support that can be provided by community health workers (Spencer et al ., 2010). Thus, previous research has shown a need for social workers to become more involved in reducing healthcare disparities in low-income communities (Siefert Pimlott, 2001; Ayoola et al., 2014; McCullagh et al., 2015; Spencer et al., 2010). Social workers must advocate for better education and support for pregnant women in prison to reduce the number of infants born with poor health (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). Furthermore, social workers need to advocate for and educate women in low-income communities to support better contraceptive methods among these populations (Ayoola et al., 2014). Also, social workers may reduce the disparities in healthcare by advocating for Medicaid reform and supporting migrant farmworkers in accessing the healthcare they need (McCullagh et al., 2015). References Ayoola, A., Zandee, G., Johnson, E., and Pennings, K. (2014). Contraceptive use among low income women living in medically underserved neighborhoods. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Neonatal Nursing, 43(4), pp. 455-464. doi:10.1111/1552-6909.12462 Brownstein, J. N., and Allen, C. (2015). Addressing chronic disease through community health workers: A policy and systems level approach. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/docs/chw_brief.pdf Colvin, J. D., Nelson, B., and Cronin, K. (2012). Integrating social workers into medical-legal partnerships: Comprehensive problem solving for patients. Social Work, 57(4), pp. 333-341. Retrieved from: https://ezproxy.msu.edu.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/docview/1264493244?accountid=12598 Jacobson, P. D., Dalton, V. K., Berson-Grand, J., and Weisman, C. S. (2005). Survival strategies for Michigans health care safety net providers. Health Services Research, 40(3), pp. 923-940. oi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00392.x Lyons, P., and Rittner, B. (1998). The construction of the crack babies phenomenon as a social problem. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(2), pp. 313-320. Retrieved from: https://d2l.msu.edu/d2l/le/content/692043/viewContent/6488615/View?ou=692043 McCullagh, M. C., Sanon, M., and Foley, J. S. (2015). Cultural health practices of migrant seasonal farmworkers. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 22(2), pp. 64-67. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778556/ National Association of Social Workers. (1999). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Washington, DC. NASW Press. Orsi, J. M., Margellos-Anast, H., and Whitman, S. (2010). Black-white health disparities in the United States and Chicago: A 15-year progress analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 100(2), pp. 349-356. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.165407 Schim, S. M., Doorenbos, A. Z., and Borse, N. N. (2005). Cultural competence among Ontario and Michigan healthcare providers. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(4), pp. 354-360. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2005.00061.x Shultz, C., and Skorcz, S. (2012). African American infant mortality and the Genesee County, MI REACH 2010 initiative: An evaluation of the undoing racism workshop. Social Work in Public Health, 27(6), pp. 567-603. doi:10.1080/19371910903253236 Siefert, K., and Pimlott, S. (2001). Improving pregnancy outcome during imprisonment: A model residential care program. Social Work, 46(2), pp. 125-134. Spencer, M. S., Kiefer, E. C., Sinco, B. R., Palmisano, G., Guzman, R., and James, S. A., et al. (2006). Diabetes-specific emotional distress and diabetes among African Americans and Hispanics with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Healthcare for the Poor and Underserved, 17(2), pp. 88-105. doi:10.1353/hpu.2006.0095 Spencer, M. S., Gunter, K. E., and Palmisano, G. (2010). Community health workers and their value to social work. Social Work, 55(2), pp. 169-180. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/stable/23719973 The United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Breast Cancer Cancer And Cancer - 1530 Words

â€Å"Cancer† is the name for a group of diseases that start in the body at the cellular level. Even though there are many different kinds of cancer, they all begin with abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These abnormal cells lump together to form a mass of tissue or â€Å"malignant tumor†. Malignant means that it can spread to other parts of the body or Metastasize . If the breast is the original location of the cancer growth or malignant tumor, the tumor is called breast cancer. (American Cancer Society, 2014, as cited in cbcf.org) Breast cancer is a complex disease that will affect around 1 in 9 Canadian women during their lifespan. According to the latest statistics, it is found that around†¦show more content†¦Ductal carcinoma is when the cells that line the milk ducts have changed to look like cancer cells. The difference between Ductal carcinoma and an invasive cancer is that the cells have not spread outside the walls of the ducts to the surrounding breast tissue. Because it hasn’t invaded, Ductal carcinoma can’t spread or metastasize outside the breast to the rest of the body. DCIS has no signs or symptoms and usually can’t be felt with a routine breast examination. Sometimes, a lump may be found or there might be discharge coming from the nipple. One of the ways to find it early is by having a mammogram done. (American Cancer Society, 2014., National Cancer Institute, 2014., Breastcancer.org, 2014., Canadian Cancer Society, 2014. As cited in cbcf.org) http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-breast-cancer-types Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma starts in one of the milk ducts in the breast, spreads through the wall of the duct and into the fatty tissue of the breast. Once it has spread outside the duct it is possible to spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system and blood stream. Some signs and symptoms of invasive ductal carcinoma can include: a lump in the breast tissue or armpit area, redness, thickening, irritation or dimpling, breast pain and or swelling, and nipple changes and or discharge. (American Cancer Society, 2014., National Cancer

The Connection Between Love and Beauty in Romeo and Juliet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1463 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Tags: Romeo and Juliet Essay Did you like this example? In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare shows that young men often confuse beauty for love. This happens due to the fact that love and beauty are very closely connected. As George Boas says: â€Å"the ultimate object of love is the beautiful† (583). Confusing beauty for love is not good, and can even be deadly, as Romeo seems to have a habit for falling in â€Å"love† with beautiful women, and he dies in the end, out of â€Å"love†. Beauty can be a difficult concept. It changes over time and people have different opinions of what is beautiful and what is not. In Shakespearean times, a woman was considered beautiful if she had pale skin, light hair, bright eyes, and red lips and cheeks (Leed). Women went to extreme measures to achieve these ideal characteristics, plastering their faces with white cream and covering their cheeks in rouge (Leed). A fully made-up woman in Shakespearean times would look rather ridiculous today, and even Shakespeare criticizes â€Å"ideal† beauty in one of his sonnets, Sonnet 130: My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips red: If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Connection Between Love and Beauty in Romeo and Juliet" essay for you Create order I have seen roses damaskd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak,yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go, My mistress when she walks, treads on the ground; And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. Shakespeare also shows in this sonnet that he does not love a woman for her beauty. He describes her as the opposite of ideal beauty at the time, and yet he still loves her. Shakespeare’s sonnet is similar to Romeo and Juliet because Shakespeare is showing that beauty is not needed for love, and Romeo and Juliet ends in tragedy for Romeo; who sees beauty as love. Although Shakespeare does not find pleasure in his mistress’s beauty, the dictionary. com definition of beauty is â€Å"the quality present in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure or deep satisfaction to the mind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Beauty is simply there to create pleasure (Robinson 74). One reason beauty is mistaken for love is because something can be so beautiful and cause such pleasure, that the pleasure can be mistaken for love. Romeo mistakes beauty for love twice in Romeo and Juliet. The first time he is in â€Å"love† is in the beginning of the story. He is sad and moping around when his cousin Benvolio finds him and asks what is troubling him. Romeo tells of his â€Å"love† for the â€Å"fair† Rosaline. He mourns the fact that she has chosen to be chaste and will not have children to carry on her beauty: â€Å"O, she is rich in beauty; only poor that, when she dies, with beauty dies her store†¦for beauty, starved with her severity, cuts beauty off from all posterity. She is too fair, too wise, wisely too fair, to merit bliss by making me despair† (I. . 214-221). Benvolio tries to comfort Romeo with promises of more beautiful women for him to love. Benvolio also mistakes beauty for love. When the two later learn that Rosaline will be at the Capulet’s feast, Benvolio urges Romeo to go so he can compare her to other beautiful women: â€Å"Tut! You saw her fair, none else being by; herself poised with herself in either eye; but in that crystal scales let there be weighed your ladys love against some other maid that I will show you shining at this feast, and she shall scant show well that now seems best. † (I. ii. 96-101). Benvolio turns out to be correct, as Romeo falls in â€Å"love† the second he lays eyes on Juliet at the feast: O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night as a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear! So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows as yonder lady oer her fellows shows. The measure done, Ill watch her place of stand and, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand. Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night. (I. v. 45-54) Romeo forgets all about Rosaline, the reason he came to the feast in the first place. He only speaks of Juliet’s beauty, which has pleased him so much that he thinks he is in love. Rosaline and her lesser beauty are never mentioned again. Juliet does not seem concerned whether or not Romeo is handsome. She never says anything about his looks, but she does speak of her love for him. She is also more guarded with her love. When Romeo first approaches her, asking for a kiss, she turns the conversation to prayer: â€Å"Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, which mannerly devotion shows in this; for saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch, and palm to palm is holy palmers kiss†¦lips that they must use in prayer† (I. . 98-103). Although she does give Romeo his kiss, she keeps her feelings hidden as she leaves Romeo to go to her nurse. Her love is only revealed in the balcony scene, when she does not know Romeo is listening. She also makes Romeo swear he will be faithful to her before she will give him her love: â€Å"Dost thou love me? I know thou wilt say ‘Aye,’ and I will take thy word. Yet, if thou swearst, thou mayst prove false. At lovers perjuries, they say Jove laughs. O gentle Romeo, if thou dost love, pronounce it faithfully† (II. ii. 90-94). Juliet knows Romeo might be unfaithful, and she is trying to decide whether or not to give him a chance. Romeo then tries to swear by the moon, which is inconstant and changes every night. He is interrupted by Juliet as he begins to swear by the â€Å"blessed† moon that â€Å"tips with silver all these fruit-tree tops† (II. ii. 107-108). Romeo wanted to swear by the beauty of the moon, once again linking love and beauty. Juliet eventually stops trying to have Romeo swear and she expresses her dislike of how quickly their relationship is happening: â€Å"†¦I have no joy of this contract tonight. It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (II. ii. 16-18). Juliet may love Romeo, but she still wants to progress slowly with him. She knows their families are enemies, and that it is dangerous for them to be together. Juliet never mentions if she thinks Romeo is attractive, as she is more concerned about Romeo being faithful to her; while even after Romeo discovers Juliet dead, he remarks on her beauty: â€Å"†¦Death, that hath sucked the honey of thy breath, hath had no power yet upon thy beauty. Thou are not conquered. Beauty’s ensign yet is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (V. ii. 92-95). Romeo and Benvolio’s attitude towards love and beauty is very different from Juliet’s. The men love only beautiful things, while Juliet cares more about the emotional aspects of a relationship. While both Romeo and Juliet lose their lives, Romeo dies due to his false belief that Juliet is dead. He is tricked into killing himself. When J uliet kills herself, Romeo is actually dead. Romeo kills himself so he will not have to live without his beautiful Juliet, while Juliet kills herself to bring them together again. Love of beauty is not good, as it can lead to death for the one who loves beauty and others who love the beauty lover. Works Cited Blomquist, Eric. â€Å"William Shakespeare (1564-1616). † sonnets. org. 29 Oct. 2007. 28 Mar. 2009 https://www. sonnets. org/? index. htm. Boas, George. â€Å"Love. † Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Donald Borchert. 2nd ed. Vol. 5. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 583-590. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale. Pope John XXIII High School, Sparta, NJ. 9 Mar. 2009 https://infotrac. galegroup. com/? itweb/ db=GVRL. Dictionary. com Unabridged. Vers. 1. 1. 22 Mar. 009 https://dictionary. reference. com/? browse/? beauty. Leed, Drea. â€Å"Elizabethan Make-up 101. † Elizabethan Costuming Page. 2008. 15 Mar. 2009 https://www. elizabethancostume. net/? makeup. html. Robinson, Jenefer. â€Å"Aesthetics, Problems of. † Encycopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Donald Borchert. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 72-81. Ga le Virtual Reference Library. Gale. Pope John XXIII High School, Sparta, NJ. 9 Mar. 2009 https://infotrac. galegroup. com/? itweb/ db=GVRL. Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. 1960. Ed. Peter Holland. New York: Penguin Group, 2000.

What s Happening Of Marriage - 884 Words

Marriage is a very common thing in today’s society, but along with the popularity of marriage comes divorces that end marriages. With divorce becoming more common, men may second guess popping the question or women might think twice about saying yes. With divorce making an appearance more often in marriage it is a given that today’s marriages have changed, and there is all time high divorce rate to prove it. In the article â€Å"What’s Happening to Marriage?† by The National Marriage Project, provides possible reasons and answers to why and how today’s marriages differ from past marriages. This paper was constructed with well credible sources and numerous logos appeals. In the beginning of the article â€Å"What’s Happening to Marriage†, NMP discusses issues about the on-going changes in marriages today. In modern day marriages, divorce is becoming more common amongst spouses, leaving the divorce rate at an all time high. NMP go es on to say, â€Å"As an institution, marriage has lost much of its legal, religious and social meaning and authority.† Some spouses still hold original martial values, but a larger quantity of couples have lost those original values of marriage. The article then switches gears and saying that â€Å"Although the divorce rate has leveled off, it remains at historically high levels.† They then go on to say that the kids of divorced parents are less likely to be divorced if they were to marry. 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How far was Roosevelt himself responsible for his election victory in 1932 Free Essays

There were several reasons for Roosevelt’s election in 1932 all of which can be placed into three different categories, Roosevelt’s strengths, the opponent’s weaknesses and The Depression. All of these reasons were important in their own ways. The Depression had caused America huge problems. We will write a custom essay sample on How far was Roosevelt himself responsible for his election victory in 1932? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unemployment had risen to nearly 14 million by 1932. Businesses had had to cut production by in some cases up to 80%. Average wage had fallen from 59 to 49 cents an hour. This meant that people were slowly getting more and more desperate as there seemed to be no action being done by the republican government so people started looking for solutions in the Democratic Party. Hoover was very unpopular. He did not acknowledge the depressions existence he didn’t admit there was a problem as he claimed in his speech delivered on the 26th of October a week after the depression started. This meant that people who were suffering through unemployment and homeless were annoyed that Hoover was not even admitting there was a problem which meant he would not help them. In 1932 United States veterans went on a ‘Bonus March.’ The soldiers from WW1, who had been promised a bonus that would be paid to them in 1945, wanted to receive the bonuses early because of starvation and homelessness. 15000 people streamed into Washington. Hoover refused to pay and brought in the army to deal with the veterans. This made Hoover less popular because people respected those who had fought for their country and when Hoover had attacked them which was a terrible thing to do so people viewed him as a bad person. Hoover believed in ‘Lassiez Faire’ which meant that he believed that the Economy should run itself and not be interfered with. This made Hoover unpopular as it meant he would not offer any support for the workers who were now unemployed or loan money to businesses that needed loans to help them create more jobs. Roosevelt did many things to increase his popularity. Firstly, Roosevelt came up with the ‘New Deal’ which outlined what he was going to do to reverse the depression. Roosevelt offered the public relief, recovery and reform none of these policies were in Hoover’s campaign who was still hoping the problem of the depression would fix itself. This meant that people who were suffering wanted a man like Roosevelt in power who was willing to do something about the depression and give them relief. Roosevelt’s ability to bounce back from his polio inspired Americans. People saw how he could deal with a problem face on and overcome rather than hide from it. This was a very appealing characteristic for a president during the depression as people knew that if he was in power he would be determined to face the problem head on. Roosevelt liked touring the country and meeting people. He talks to the people and lets them get to know him as a person not just a far off distant man like Hoover, who people saw as cold and unfriendly. This meant that people liked Roosevelt as a person and felt they had a bond with him that they didn’t have with Hoover, this increased his popularity. I believe that the depression was the greatest cause for Roosevelt’s victory in the 1932 election. During the 1920’s Hoovers ‘Lassiez Faire’ values worked well, there was a large boom and most of the country benefited. However when The Depression occurred it revealed all the problems with Hoover and made Roosevelt look like a better candidate for the job. How to cite How far was Roosevelt himself responsible for his election victory in 1932?, Papers

Infinity Bank Will the Supermarket Strategy Work Essay Example For Students

Infinity Bank Will the Supermarket Strategy Work? Essay Introduction Infinity bank was one of the 10 largest banks in the UK with over 1800 retail branches. However, due to the change in the nature of the banking industry since the 1980’s Infinity bank had seen a consistent drop in its profitability. Deregulation of the industry had been one of the major changes that had taken place during this time which had increased the competition in the industry. Even though Infinity had followed other major banks in responding to this challenge by cutting costs, closing branches and making use of information technology, its results were far worse than others. Since retail banking was a major source of their costs as well as revenue, they conducted a branch efficiency review which pointed out issues with underperformance and wastage of resources. Another issue that cropped up was that branches did not know which the most profitable products were. After conducting their first costing activity to understand product profitability they found out that Current accounts, which was their main product, were highly unprofitable. Mortgages and Credit Cards on the other hand were profitable. Details of the customer segments are given in Table 1. This led them to devise a strategy called the â€Å"Supermarket Strategy† which made branch manager responsible for their own PL and be rewarded for selling profitable products. Product Combinations| Accounts(in Millions)| Current Account only| 3. 70| Credit Card only| 0. 50| Mortgage only| 0. 11| Current Account + Credit Card| 4. 20| Curent Account + Mortgage| 0. 39| Credit Card + Mortgage| 0. 05| All 3: CA + CC + M| 0. 31| Total Customers| 9. 26| Table 1: Customer Segment Details However, some managers believed that this strategy would not work and that hey needed to sell unprofitable products like Current Accounts to customers in order to build relationships which would lead to the selling of more profitable products later. Accordingly, a customer profitability study was done with a sample of a 1000 customers for each product category and cross-holdings. In the light of this data will the â€Å"Supermarket Strategy† work for Infinity Bank? Analysis of Customer Profit ability Data While it is good to have Customer and Product profitability data, the real value can only be extracted from this data if it can be used to devise a consistent strategy, control systems and operating procedures. Keeping this in mind, it is very important to analyze the Infinity bank customer profitability data to see whether the proposed â€Å"Supermarket Strategy† is really the way to go for them. One way that we can analyze this data is to analyze the distribution of profitability. To do this, we can use the Stobachoff curve (Storbacka, 1998). This curve gives us a graphic view of how many customers are actually profitable. To plot this curve, we order the profitability data from highest to lowest. We then plot the cumulative profitability percentage on the Y-axis and the cumulative customer percentage on the X-axis. Figure A: Interpretation of Stobachoff’s Curve (Raaij, Vernooij, Triest, 2003) Looking at this curve can give us an idea about what percentage of customers are subsidizing others and what are the kinds of risks associated with it. This is summarized in Figure A. The four quadrants are divided by the level of subsidizing effect and the dependence on customers. In the case of Infinity Bank, this curve was plotted for each of the 7 customer segments mentioned in Table 1. These are shown below. 1. Current Accounts Only| 2. Credit Cards Only| 3. Mortgage Only| 4. Current Accounts and Credit Cards| 5. Current Accounts and Mortgages| 6. Credit Cards and Mortgages| 7. Current Accounts, Credit Cards and Mortgages| The Stobachoff curve for Current account customers is shown in Figure 1. If we look at this curve we see that only about 20% of the customers who hold only current accounts are profitable. They contribute 20% to the profitability of current accounts. The rest 80% of these customers are making a 120% of the losses. This kind of a situation looks really bad on paper. But of course, statistics only tell half the story. If Infinity managers were to base their decisions solely on this number then they should probably fire most of their current account holders. This issue will be analyzed further on in the paper when we discuss the recommendations. The story is completely different in the credit cards only segment in Figure 2. As we can see, around 95% of the customers contribute to nearly 170% profitability. There are 5% customers who cause 70% decline in profits. If we put these numbers in the context of Figure A, we see that this curve fits the top right quadrant where a small number of customers are highly unprofitable. International business paln EssayFor example, it might be that even though current accounts are loss making, they act as a great way to acquire a customer for future sales of profitable products. If that is the case then firing current account holders will be the wrong decision. Again the data given is not clear enough about the demographic of the customers. It would be very helpful to do a proper CPA which takes a lot more data into account and also accounts for other factors such as Age, account holding duration, location/branch etc. If these factors are taken into account, we will surely get a lot more insight into the unprofitability/profitability of current accounts. An implementation of a CRM/Business Intelligence system would go a long way in providing the bank with information needed to do a better analysis of customer profitability. Having a good CRM system in place will also ensure a better understanding of the customer. This will mean that when giving out credit cards and loans the bank can be quite certain about the risk of default relating to the customers. One thing that is not taken into account at all here is the cost of customer acquisition. It may be easy to fire a whole lot of customers because they are unprofitable, but to get new customers in the preferred segment might be really costly. This cost has not been accounted for in the data given and may prove really important in Infinity bank’s case. An interesting thing to pursue in terms of getting unprofitable customers to be more profitable is to offer them incentives like attractive interest rates on mortgages and credit cards. This strategy might work better than firing them because of the lifetime value issue. Of course, a better study may reveal that customers who buy profitable products after x years are not really profitable. The bank can start charging them higher rates/fees in these cases. Conclusion So would the Supermarket Strategy work? In light of the analysis done and the recommendations made, I believe Supermarket Strategy might not work that well. The strategy was implement based on product profitability data and did not take into account customer profitability. The major issues that might arise from the strategy would be issues of managers concentrating of short term PL rather than long term relationship building which is very important in the banking business. It would also bring up issues of trying to force products down the customers’ throat which might not work well with their customers. As the data shows us, even though credit cards and mortgages are profitable products, defaulters can bring down the profitability of any product line. We saw in the case of credit cards that 5% of the customers brought down profitability of the entire segment by 70%. Similarly, in case of mortgages, just one customer brought down the profitability by 20%. Right now, Infinity’s exposure to such customers is low with mortgages and credit cards amounting for a small percentage of business. With Supermarket strategy in place managers would be pressurized to sell more of these products to meet targets and the quality of the customers (in terms of credit ratings) might go down. If that is the case, the risk of defaulters would increase manifolds and this can cause an overall decline in profitability instead of an increase as Infinity’s managers envision. References Cognos:An IBM Company. (2008) Customer profitability in real-world banking. Haenlein, Michael, Kaplan, Andreas M. Beeser, Anemone J. (2007) A Model to Determine Customer Lifetime Value in a Retail Banking Context. European Management Journal, 25 (3), 221-234. Kotler, Philip. (1974) Marketing during periods of shortage, Journal of Marketing 38 (3) pp. 20–29. Krakhmal, Vira. (2008) Customer Profitability Accounting: A Constructive Case Study from the Hotel Industry. CAUTHE 2008 Conference. . Available from: http://www. griffith. edu. au/conference/cauthe2008/refereed-papers/RP023. df . Noone, Breffni Griffin, Peter. (1999) Managing the long-term profit yield from market segments in a hotel environment: a case study on the implementation of customer profitability analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 18 (2), 111-128. PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2009) Customer and product profitability analysis Creating new insights to improve company performance. van Raaij, Erik M. , Vernooij, Maarten J. A. van Triest, Sander. (2003) The implementation of customer profitability analysis: A case study. Industrial Marketing Management, 32 (7), 573-583. Ini

De Beers Case free essay sample

De Beers Case Study This case study of De Beers outlines the company’s evolution from its formation in the mid-1800s to year 2000. In these 200 years span of time, De Beers was the leader in the mining of diamonds and their leadership contributed to what the industry is today. As the leader in the industry, De Beers had large stakes in mining fields in South Africa. Their dominance in the country also meant being socially responsible. At the onset, this was difficult to validate because social responsibility for businesses hasn’t been really discovered yet, especially in countries such as Africa. During the great depression of the 1930s, racial tension rose. The depression â€Å"fueled Afrikaner nationalism and the drive for white supremacy and racial separation† (page 12 of case study). By the 1940s, De Beers CEO Ernie Oppenheimer, wanted to promote social progress for black Africans. Their strength in mining diamond unfortunately wasn’t able to curtail the era of apartheid or racial discrimination. We will write a custom essay sample on De Beers Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This however, did not stop De Beers to do the socially responsible thing, which was to oppose the apartheid, but also had to do it in a way to not affect its business. The company is successful and essentially has a monopoly in the diamond market. Their success and monopoly didn’t come with heavy criticism from legal entities and local communities. Such criticisms like child and cheap labor. Some of these negative publicities were clouded by some of their contribution to local cities, building schools and living conditions for black Africans. De Beers’ control of the diamond market comes with pressures and challenges from government entities. For instance, De Beers for the longest time could not operate in the U. S. because of indictments issued by the U. S. Justice Department for antimonopoly cases and for refusing to provide industrial diamonds during World War II. De Beers appears to be heading to the right direction, strengthening their governance practices, which was one of their weakest areas. Their review of their corporate strategy in 1998 resulted in a new strategy for the company for the new century. These are business strategies that are sound and also business practices that are ethical and responsible. Post Enron and Arthur Anderson, came Sarbanes-Oxley for U. S. companies and De Beers’ new business strategy and practices seems to be aligned with these rules. Similarly, De Beers seems to be addressing child labor issues, similar to what Gap, Inc. had to address (ABC World News, 10-27-08). This active approach is also aligned with their new strategies, which is to be more sensitive and to adhere to strict social requirements and responsibilities, but to be sensitive to the overall impact of operations on the local community.

Brief History of Iran free essay sample

The Safavid Empire ruled over modern day Iran, the Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Armenia, Georgia, Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Caucasus. Although Islamic conquest in Iran started way back in 633 BC, the Safavid Dynasty is primarily known for establishing Shia Islam as the official religion of Iran. This lead to the decline of the Zoroastrian and Bahai faiths which are ancient religions originating in Iran. Shah Ismail I was the first Shah of the Safavid Dynasty, he was primarily responsible for converting Iran from Sunni to Shia Islam. Ismail served as a spiritual leader to the people of Iran, under his rule anyone who wasn’t part of the Shia Islam faith faced extreme religious prosecution and essentially were forced to convert. In the 18th century the Safavid Dynasty was weakened because of attacks from Russians and the Ottoman Empire. The Safavids also fought several brutal battles in Afghanistan because the Afghans were Sunni and they didn’t want to accept Shia Islam as the official religion of their land. We will write a custom essay sample on Brief History of Iran or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With all the chaos the Safavids faced, Iran started becoming helpless and began relying on European powers. By the early 18th century Iran was completely economically dependent on Europe. The Ottoman Empire took advantage of this vulnerable time for Iran and initiated a major invasion of the country resulting in the loss of many territories to the Ottomans including most of Azerbaijan and Georgia. The empire also started to decline militarily, leaving it more susceptible to invasion from the east. In 1722 Afghan forces invaded and murdered Shah Sultan Hossein. The invasion had catastrophic affects on Iran and thus began the fall of the Safavid Empire. After the Afghan invasion the Ottomans once again took advantage of this opportunity and started occupying areas in western Iran, while the Russians held areas near the Capsian Sea. The loss of all this territory eventually resulted in the demise of the Safavid Empire. After the fall of the Safavid Dynasty there were several other minor short-lived dynasties throughout the mid 1700s. These dynasties separated the Iranian people and were constantly in competition with the Shahs of other dynasties. The Qajar dynasty took power in 1781 and unified the Iranian people. Qajar Dynasty (1796-1825) Prior to the Qajar Dynasty, many short-lived dynasties sprang up throughout the greater part of the 18th century. Originally from lands near present-day Azerbaijan, Agha Mohammad Khan, of one the Qajar tribes ascended to power during a period of rivalry among members of the previous Zand dynasty. Although known to be extremely violent and brutal, Agha Mohammad was crucial in establishing the Qajar dynasty and uniting the different factions of Persia1. After his assassination in 1797, his nephew Fath Ali Shah succeeded to the throne and a few years later went to war with Russia. The Russo-Persian War of 1804 to 1813 started because the Russians started to encroach on Caucasus territories that had traditionally belonged to Persia. The Russian take-over of the city of Ganja and the murder of the Qajar governor was a threat to the safety of the Qajar Empire. Although the Persians outnumbered the Russians, they had much better technology and battle plans. Therefore, the Russians won and Fath Ali was forced to sign the Treaty of Gullistan which gave Russia any previously disputed or partially independent territories in Caucasus (most notably Georgia). The second Russo-Persian War also resulted in a defeat for the Qajars and they were forced to sign the Treaty of Turkmanch (1828) which gave Russians control over the entire area north of the Aras River (present day Azerbaijan and Armenia). The end of Fath Ali Shah’s reign was marked by an increase in European diplomatic competition between territories ancestrally controlled by Persia. Naser-e-Din was the next major Shah to control the Qajar Dynasty. Under his direction, Persia quickly became more westernized due to the introduction of different methods of education, science, and technological advances. Although he tried to get prevent further European encroachment upon Persia, he was unsuccessful in doing so. While he did do a lot for the modernization of Iran, Naser-e-Din’s continued the terrible habit of frivolous spending of government money. One of Naser-e-Din’s advisors tried to initiate reforms that drastically cut government spending, however; these initiatives were at odds with the interests of many officials and they convinced the Shah to dismiss and murder a man that could have really brought Iran out of debt and more resistant to the surrounding Europe and Russia. In 1896, the throne was passed down to Naser-e-Din’s son, Mozaffaredin Shah-eh Qajar. Continuing his predecessor’s trend of exorbitant spending, Persia was now basically at the control of Britain and Russia due to the many loans taken from them just to accommodate various personal expenses. Furthermore, since Persia had almost no incoming revenue, there was no way the debt to these foreign powers was going to be paid. This fiscal crisis caused outcry and discussion among educated merchants and notable religious leaders. They came to the conclusion that the current monarchy’s power needed to be curbed. Instead, a new political system was called for that established a rule of law and gave the people more of a voice. This rebellion became known as the Constitutional Revolution (1905-1911). After much resistance, Mozafferdin finally signed a constitution drafted by an elected assembly that identified basic rights (i. e. freedom of speech and press). Unfortunately, the constitution remained largely ineffective due to the recalcitrance of the monarchy. Any hope that Constitutional Revolution would bring about independence was shattered with the Anglo-Russian Agreement of 1907. This divided Persia into two â€Å"sphere of influence,† one controlled by Russia and the other by Britain. Both parties were granted access to any potential interests in their respective spheres and competition was allowed for any desired assets in the neutral zone. The ultimate decline of the Qajar Dynasty was brought about by World War I and the associated occupation of Persia by British, Russian, and Ottoman forces as well as the succession of Reza Shah Pahlavi. The Qajar Dynasty should be remembered for attempts at advancement towards the modernization of Persia. Disappointingly, the careless and selfish expenditures of the Shahs did not allow for this to happen. Due to heavy debt and no source of incoming revenue, Persia could never gain independence from foreign powers during these years. Pahlavi Dynasty After the fall of the Qajar Dynasty the Pahlavi Dynasty took control in 1925. The Majlis (National Assembly) declared Reza Khan as Shah of Persia. Reza Khan began the Pahlavi with a vision of modernizing Iran. During his sixteen year reign, he developed large scale industries, built the trans-Iranian Railway, which connected the north of the country to the south. He reformed the judiciary system, improved healthcare and established a national public education by founding the University of Tehran. At the beginning of Reza Shah’s rule all women in Iran wore the Hijab out in public because it had been Islamic tradition for hundreds of years. Women wore it because it was tradition and protesting it would be considered anti-Islam. Under Reza Shah’s rule, in the late 1930s, he declared the Hijab illegal because he believed it held women back and prevented them from contributing to the progress of the country. This ruling infuriated many traditional religious people but this didn’t affect Reza Shah in anyway and he kept ruling the country how he chose. Although Reza Shah brought about many positive changes to Iran he angered many people. Under his rule there was no freedom of speech and anyone who criticized him would be imprisoned, tortured and even killed. In 1935 Reza Shah issued a letter to the League of Nations insisting that the name â€Å"Iran† be used instead of Persia which it had been referred to up till then. The name â€Å"Iran† is a cognate of â€Å"Aryan† and means Land of the Aryans. A few Persian scholars protested this decision on the grounds that it created a break with the history of the country and that it seemed to be influenced by the Aryan propaganda of Nazi Germany, but Reza Shah argued that, in their own language, the people of Persia had called their country â€Å"Iran† for hundreds of years and that â€Å"Pars† or â€Å" Fars,† from which â€Å"Persia† had derived, was the name of a province in central Iran. He hoped that officially calling the country Iran would give it a modern image. During WWII, Reza Shah avoided involvement with Britain and the Soviets and proclaimed a Declaration of Neutrality. The refusal by Reza Shah to allow Iranian territory to be used as a transport passageway to ship arms to the Soviet Union for its war against Germany was the biggest motive for the Allied Forces invasion of Iran. The Allied Forces eventually exiled Reza Shah and took control of the railroad and communication systems. On September 16, 1941 Reza Shah’s son Mohammed Reza Shah replaced his father and took the throne. In January of 1942 Britain and Russia signed an agreement to respect Iran’s interdependence and withdrew their troops. By 1944 Iran’s political system began to evolve, political parties were formed and the Majles election of 1944 were the first competitive elections in over 20 years. On April 28, 1951 Mohammed Mosaddeq was elected as the new Prime Minister of Iran. Dr. Mosaddeq was extremely popular among the Iranian people. He nationalized the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) which allowed for government ownership of the assets. By doing this Britain lost money on its oil trade. Britain made sure Iran couldn’t sell any oil by evacuating technicians. Iran’s oil industry became idle and Iran started losing money rapidly. Britain was losing money as well so they decided to team up with the US and started publicly disapproving of Mosaddeq’s policy and claiming that he is taking the country towards communism. Keep in my mind this was in the early 1950’s when anti-communism hysteria was at its peak. The CIA along with the cooperation of Mohammed Reza overthrew and arrested Mosaddeq. Western interference upset the Iranian people and anti-western sentiments started to grow. When Mohammed Reza came back to power he started implementing liberal policies which the Iranian people deemed pro-western and thus the Islamic Revolution began. Islamic Revolution of 1979 The White Revolution occurred before the Islamic Revolution and was essentially a series of modern reforms which was what caused the drastic response of traditionalist Islamic leaders. The series of reforms included extension of voting rights for women, land reform, an initiative to spread literacy, nationalization of many things (like forests), and some other progressive changes. Ultra-conservative Islamic Shi’i leaders, most prominently Ayatollah Khomeini, feared that this White Revolution was too westernized and would lead to a dangerous shift against Islam. When he tried to promulgate this message, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi arrested him and eventually exiled him to about 13 years in Iraq and 1 year in France. While in exile, Khomeini spread his message in Iran through music cassettes and by 1977 demonstrations against Shah Pahlavi began marking the early stages of the Islamic Revolution. By January of 1979 the situation was too much to contain and the Shah was forced to leave. Two weeks later Khomeini returned to Iran and was met with an overwhelming amount of support. He proceeded to re-write the entire constitution and base it completely on Islamic laws. Any opposition to him in the form of media was shut down and any opponents of his were executed. Because most of his followers were not aware of his extremism (as well as a ballot that only offered one choice either support or opposition to the Islamic Republic), Khomeini won by a landslide. Thus, Iran voted to become an Islamic Republic on April 1, 1979 and approved a new democratic-theocratic hybrid constitution in which Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became Supreme Leader of the country starting in December of the same year. Supporters would soon realize that this new constitution actually in no way democratic. Immediately after his victory, extremist laws were put into place that required all women to wear the hijab, that outlawed music other than military and religious chants, books written by foreign authors (Jane Austen, Ernest Hemingway, etc. ), dance of any sort, and the spread of any Western influences. If women were caught not wearing the hijab properly an organization known as the â€Å"Hezbollah† (Party of God) would attack them. School teachers and professors were fired, universities were shut down, the normal curriculum was abandoned and instead 18-19 year old females would brain-wash students and feed them government propaganda. It is also important to note the great number of students were arrested and held in prisons across the nation, most notoriously in a city north of Tehran called Evin. These teens were arrested for supposed political opposition to the new Islamic Constitution. They were put through physical and emotional torture for periods up to two years and largely ignored by the international and national community2. Also during the initial Revolution, a group of Islamist students and militants took over the American Embassy and held sixty-six American diplomats hostage. Most were only released about 1. years later in January of 1981 after many negotiations with the U. S. and the signing of the Algiers Accord. A crucial question to examine after reflecting on the Islamic Revolution is, how come citizens did not massively revolt against this stifling regime? There are a few reasons for this. First of all, the only reason Khomeini found so much support was that he promised to give the citizens democ racy and freedom without interruption from foreign powers. As previously mentioned, many Iranian citizens had become extremely irritated and frustrated with interventions from the West. This led to bitter feelings and resentment towards Western philosophies and ideals and is one of the reasons why Iranians were so ready to accept Khomeini’s Islam based ideals. After the Revolution, the drastic changes that were put into place were not heavily noticed by many because once the Iran-Iraq War began, people were told and rationalized that many issues would go away once the War was over. The nationalistic attitude that arose from the War was used to deceive citizens and turn their attention away from the more frightening problem of having elected an overly zealous Islamic dictator. People who were opposed to the Revolution were also accused of being anti-nationalistic and secretly supportive of Saddam Hussein. Also, even if people did realize the true monster behind Khomeini, the scare tactics he used to make sure no one tried to overthrow his rule were vicious enough to make people submit to his power. Persian Gulf War Recent The Persian Gulf War (Iran-Iraq War) was started by Sadam Hussein after border tensions between the two countries began to rise. He saw a chance to make territorial gains and an opportunity to overthrow the Khomeini’s regime which conservative Sunni’s saw as a threat. Iraq invaded Iran on September 22, 1980 and the war lasted until August of 1988 making it the longest war of the twentieth century. There were over half a million deaths and severe economic damage on both sides. The U. S. was involved in a political scandal with Iran called the Iran-contra affair in which the Reagan administration violated its own laws and secretly sold arms to Iran in hopes that the arms sales would secure the release of U. S. hostages and allow the U. S. to fund the Nicaraguan Contras. Part of the deal was that the U. S. would send American-made anti tank missiles to Iran from Israel. In 1997 Mohammed Khatami was elected president. He pursued political reform and liberalization. He also attempted to stabilize relations with the West and reduce tensions. Khatami was quite popular among Persian people and he was re-elected in 2001. In 2002 President Bush refers to Iran as part of the â€Å"axis of evil† in his State of the Union Address, this upset many Iranians. In 2005 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was elected president in place of Khatami. Ahmadinejad brought back conservative policies. Under his presidency dress codes and persecution of minorities became stricter, many homosexuals were also hanged. Ahmadinejad refused to stop uranium enrichment as demanded by the United Nations. He was re-elected in 2009 in a suspiciously large victory. Opponents claimed obvious fraud and protestors took to the streets, but the government didn’t back down and killed at least 20 demonstrators. The Obama administration currently has a policy of engagement with Iran, but no results can be seen so far. Conclusion Iran’s modern history is full of complexities. Iran struggles to this day to achieve a democracy. It seems like every time got closer to achieving that goal Western powers interfered and prevented that from happening. For example with Prime Minister Mosaddeq if Britain and the U. S. allowed Mosaddeq to run the country the way he wanted Iran may have achieved a style of democracy that works for them and the Islamic revolution may have never taken place. I believe that if the U. S. and Britain hadn’t been so greedy with money and oil the Islamic revolution may have never occurred and we would have diplomatic relations with Iran right now. Hopefully one day I will witness the day Iran truly achieves a democracy. Endnotes: 1. Ghani, Cyrus. Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power.